The residential building energy storage system mainly consists of the following key components:

1. Solar panels: used to capture sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. These solar panels are usually installed on rooftops or other sunny places.

2. Wind turbines: In areas with abundant wind resources, wind turbines can convert wind energy into electrical energy as a supplement to solar energy.

3. Energy storage devices: including battery packs and supercapacitors, used to store excess electrical energy for use during periods of low light or peak electricity demand.

4. Energy management system: This is an intelligent system responsible for monitoring and optimizing the operation of the entire energy storage system. It can dynamically adjust energy usage based on real-time electricity prices, weather forecasts, and user demand.

5. Inverters and converters: used to convert the direct current generated by solar panels and wind turbines into alternating current for household use.

6. Charging controller: protects the battery from overcharging and discharging, extending battery life.

7. Power distribution system: distributes stored electrical energy to various household appliances and connects it to the public power grid to ensure that power can be replenished when the energy storage system cannot meet the demand.