The lithium energy storage system consists of multiple key components, each of which is crucial to the overall performance and reliability of the system. The following are the main components of a lithium energy storage system:

1. Lithium ion battery: This is the core part of the system, responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy. Lithium ion batteries typically consist of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte.

2. Battery Management System (BMS): BMS is the brain of lithium energy storage systems, responsible for monitoring the status of batteries, including voltage, current, and temperature, and performing charge and discharge management, fault diagnosis, and protection functions.

3. Thermal management system: The thermal management system is used to control the temperature of the battery, ensuring that it operates within the optimal temperature range to improve efficiency and extend its service life. Common thermal management methods include air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change materials (PCM).

4. Inverter: The inverter converts the DC power stored in the battery into AC power for supply to the grid or load. The performance of inverters directly affects the power quality and efficiency of the system.

5. Auxiliary equipment: including switchgear, circuit breakers, transformers, etc. These devices are used to protect the system, regulate voltage and current, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.