Residential battery energy storage systems are composed of multiple key components, each of which plays an indispensable role. The following are its main components:

1. Battery module: This is the core part of the energy storage system, usually composed of lithium-ion batteries. The battery module is responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy. Its capacity and power determine the energy storage and output capabilities of the entire system.

2. Battery Management System (BMS): BMS is the "brain" of the battery module, responsible for monitoring the status of the battery, including voltage, current, and temperature. It also controls the charging and discharging process of the battery, ensuring its safe and efficient operation.

3. Inverter: The inverter converts the DC power in the battery into AC power for household use. Modern inverters typically have intelligent control functions that can automatically adjust their output based on household electricity demand and grid conditions.

4. Charging controller: The charging controller manages the charging process of the battery, ensuring that it is charged in the best way possible and avoiding overcharging or undercharging.

5. Monitoring system: The monitoring system provides a user interface that allows users to view the real-time operating status of the system, including information such as battery level, voltage, and current. Some advanced monitoring systems can also be remotely monitored and controlled through mobile applications.

6. Distribution module: The distribution module is responsible for connecting the battery energy storage system to the home power grid, ensuring safe and effective distribution of electrical energy between different parts.